Paramilitary Forces

What Are the 10 Paramilitary Forces in India?

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India is renowned for its well-structured security framework, designed to safeguard its borders and maintain internal stability. Among the many entities involved in this endeavor, the paramilitary forces play a pivotal role. They are tasked with critical responsibilities ranging from border security to counter-insurgency operations. Let’s explore the ten paramilitary forces in India and understand their vital contributions. 

Table of Contents

1. Assam Rifles (AR)

The Assam Rifles, established in 1835, is the oldest paramilitary force in the country. It primarily operates in the Northeastern states of India, maintaining law and order while guarding the Indo-Myanmar border.

Core Functions:

  • Conducting counter-insurgency operations.
  • Providing support during natural disasters and emergencies.
  • Securing India’s border with Myanmar.

2. Border Security Force (BSF)

Formed in 1965, the Border Security Force is entrusted with guarding India’s land borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh. As a crucial border-guarding force, it ensures the safety of Indian territories.

Core Functions:

  • Protecting international borders.
  • Combating smuggling and unauthorized crossings.
  • Assisting in anti-terror operations when required.

List of Defence Forces in India – A Complete Overview 2024

3. Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

The Central Reserve Police Force, established in 1939, is the largest paramilitary force in India. It is primarily involved in internal security and counter-insurgency tasks.

Core Functions:

  • Managing insurgencies and riots across the country.
  • Supporting local police forces during elections.
  • Carrying out rescue and relief operations in disaster-hit areas.

4. Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

Founded in 1969, the CISF specializes in providing security to critical infrastructure like airports, nuclear plants, and industrial units. It is integral to the nation’s industrial safety.

Core Functions:

  • Ensuring the security of over 300 industrial facilities.
  • Safeguarding passengers at major airports.
  • Offering consultancy in disaster management and fire safety.

5. Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)

The ITBP, formed in 1962, patrols the rugged terrain along the Indo-China border. Known for their resilience, ITBP personnel operate in challenging high-altitude areas.

Core Functions:

  • Guarding the 3,488-kilometer-long border with China.
  • Conducting search-and-rescue missions in mountainous regions.
  • Training in mountaineering and disaster response.

6. National Security Guard (NSG)

Nicknamed the Black Cats, the NSG was established in 1984. It is an elite force designed to combat terrorism and respond to high-risk situations, including hostage crises.

Core Functions:

  • Counter-terrorism operations across India.
  • Handling situations involving hijackings or bomb threats.
  • Protecting high-profile individuals under severe threats.

7. Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

The Sashastra Seema Bal, created in 1963, ensures the security of India’s Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders. It also engages with local populations to foster trust and cooperation.

Core Functions:

  • Preventing illegal border crossings and smuggling.
  • Promoting goodwill and civic action programs in border areas.
  • Assisting local police during internal disturbances.

8. Special Frontier Force (SFF)

The Special Frontier Force, established in 1962, operates under the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). It is a covert force specializing in specialized warfare and intelligence missions.

Core Functions:

  • Conducting reconnaissance missions.
  • Participating in specialized covert operations.
  • Training in advanced combat techniques and guerrilla warfare.

9. Railway Protection Force (RPF)

The RPF focuses on the security of the Indian Railways, which is one of the largest railway networks globally. It safeguards passengers and the railway’s infrastructure.

Core Functions:

  • Ensuring the safety of passengers and railway assets.
  • Preventing theft and sabotage on trains and at stations.
  • Addressing disruptions in rail services effectively.

10. Indian Coast Guard (ICG)

The Indian Coast Guard, established in 1978, protects India’s maritime interests. It is crucial for securing the nation’s long coastline and preventing illegal maritime activities.

Core Functions:

  • Patrolling and securing India’s 7,500-kilometer coastline.
  • Conducting search-and-rescue operations at sea.
  • Preventing smuggling, piracy, and illegal fishing.
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Conclusion

The paramilitary forces in India are essential for maintaining internal stability, managing border security, and supporting the armed forces in critical operations. Each force plays a specialized role, contributing to the nation’s overall security framework.

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